Test water heater TPR valve

Test the T&P (temperature and pressure) relief valve to ensure this critical safety device works

Why it matters#

The T&P valve prevents your water heater from becoming a bomb. If temperature or pressure gets too high, this valve releases water to prevent tank rupture or explosion.

What you'll need#

Safety gear#

Closed-toe shoes
Eye protection (optional)

Steps#

1. Locate the T&P valve#

Find the valve on the top or upper side of the water heater. It has a lever and a discharge pipe running down toward the floor or to a drain.

2. Check the discharge pipe#

The pipe should point downward and terminate within 6 inches of the floor or into a drain. This directs scalding water safely away if the valve opens.

3. Place a bucket under the discharge pipe#

Position a bucket to catch water. The water will be HOT—be ready for this. Keep hands and face away from the discharge area.

4. Lift the valve lever#

Carefully lift the lever (usually a small metal tab) to open the valve. You should hear water rush into the discharge pipe and see it flow into your bucket.

5. Release the lever#

Let the lever snap back into place. The water flow should stop completely within a few seconds. Listen for any continued dripping or hissing.

6. Check for proper reseating#

If the valve continues to drip after releasing, it may need replacement. A small amount of residual dripping for a minute is normal, but ongoing drips indicate a problem.

Pro tips#

Test annually—put it on your calendar
If the valve has never been tested, it may stick or leak after testing; this indicates it needs replacement
The discharge pipe should never be plugged or capped—this creates a dangerous situation
Some experts recommend replacement every 5 years regardless of test results

Warnings#

Water from the T&P valve is scalding hot (120-140°F or higher)—keep hands and face clear
If the valve won't lift or is stuck, don't force it—call a plumber
A hissing sound without lifting the lever means the valve may be actively relieving pressure—turn off the heater and call a pro

If the valve is stuck/corroded, won't stop dripping after testing, shows signs of previous leakage (mineral deposits, rust), or if you're uncomfortable with the test. Also call if your water heater is making popping/rumbling noises.