Test GFCI outlets
Test GFCI outlets to ensure they'll protect you from electrical shock
Test GFCI outlets to ensure they'll protect you from electrical shock
Why it matters#
GFCI outlets detect ground faults and cut power in 1/40th of a second—fast enough to prevent electrocution. They prevent approximately 300 deaths annually.
Steps#
1. Identify your GFCI outlets#
Look for outlets with TEST and RESET buttons, typically in bathrooms, kitchens, garages, outdoor areas, and near sinks or water. They may be outlets or in your breaker panel.
2. Press the TEST button firmly#
You should hear a click and the RESET button should pop out. Any devices plugged into the outlet should lose power immediately.
3. Verify power is cut#
Plug in a lamp or phone charger. When you press TEST, it should turn off. If the power stays on, the GFCI has failed and needs replacement.
4. Press RESET to restore power#
The RESET button should click back in and power should return. If the RESET button won't stay in, the GFCI may be tripped by an actual fault or has failed.
5. Check downstream outlets#
One GFCI can protect multiple regular outlets 'downstream.' Test each outlet in wet areas—even standard-looking ones may be GFCI-protected.
6. Check your GFCI breakers#
Some homes use GFCI breakers in the electrical panel instead of outlets. These have TEST buttons on the breaker itself.
Pro tips#
- Test monthly—GFCIs can fail without warning
- After a power outage, check that GFCIs haven't tripped (refrigerators in garages often lose power this way)
- If a GFCI keeps tripping, it may be detecting a real problem—don't just keep resetting it
- Modern code requires GFCIs within 6 feet of any water source, but older homes may not have them
Warnings#
- Never defeat a GFCI by plugging into an unprotected outlet to avoid trips—the trips are protecting you
- A GFCI that won't reset may indicate a dangerous ground fault in your wiring
When to call a pro#
If a GFCI fails the test (power stays on), won't reset, or keeps tripping without obvious cause, call an electrician. GFCIs are inexpensive but incorrect installation can be dangerous.